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"Weather By Giannetta"

Meteorology              Charles A. Giannetta
                         Meteorologist - Professor 
 
"Singularities"

  A singularity is a weather event that happens at a certain time of
the year usually on a regular basis.

Some singularities are. EL-NIÑO , La-Nina, Indian Summer, January
Thaw.
 
"EL-NIÑO"

  EL-NIÑO  is Spanish meaning Christ Child. Each year around Christmas
time this phenomenon occurs in the Pacific Ocean off the shores of
Peru and Equador, South America and along the equator westward to
Australia and Indonesia.

   The EL-NIÑO  phenomenon generally last from 2 to 3 months, this is
considered to be and average or weak EL-NIÑO . Every so many years a 
strong EL-NIÑO will start earlier in the fall and last into late spring 
or early summer in the Northern Hemisphere, late fall and early winter 
in the Southern Hemisphere.
 
"La-NIÑA"

   La-NIÑA occurs every couple of years and can last as long as 2 years.
During a La-Nina world weather may be affected. Australia and Indonesia
wetter than normal. Drier than normal of the Southwest United States.

La-NIÑA  means "The Little Girl" and is also called "Southern Oscillation." 
 
"January Thaw"

  January Thaw occurs usually late in the month of January. During this period
of 3 to 5 days, the weather is usually on the mild side. Temperatures can
get well into the 60s causing snow and ice the thaw, this usually occurs
in the East Central and Northeast United States.
 
"Endian Summer"

   Indian Summer is defined as the first warm period after the first frost in
New England. Usually occurs in the months of October and November. The weather
is mild with mild temperatures. There can be more than one period of Indian
Summer.